Ihadiwe yasolwandle ibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene kanye nemishini esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni, nasekugcinweni kwezikebhe nemikhumbi. Lezi zingcezu ezibalulekile zehadiwe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza kwemikhumbi yasolwandle. Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zehadiwe yasolwandle kanye nokubaluleka kwazo embonini yasolwandle.
Ihadiwe Yokunamathisela
Ihadiwe yokunamathisela ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni umkhumbi endaweni yawo, okuhlinzeka ngokuqina nokuvimbela ukukhukhuleka. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zehadiwe yokunamathisela zifaka:
1. Izikhonkwane
Izikhonkwane ziyizinto zensimbi ezisindayo ezenzelwe ukubamba phansi kolwandle nokubamba umkhumbi endaweni yawo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhonkwane, okuhlanganisa:
- I-Fluke Anchor: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Danforth anchor, ilula futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezikebheni ezincane kuya kweziphakathi.
- I-Plow Anchor: Le i-anchor inomklamo ofana ne-gew, inikeza amandla amahle kakhulu okugcina ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zasolwandle.
-UBruce Anchor: Yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, i-anchor yaseBruce inikeza amandla okugcina athembekile ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
2. Iketanga kanye Nokugibela
Amaketanga nama-rodes asetshenziswa kanye nama-anchors ukuxhuma umkhumbi ne-anchor. Iketanga linikeza amandla nokuqina, kanti i-roded isiza ekumunceni ukushaqeka nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka esikebheni.
Ihadiwe yedekhi
Ihadiwe yedekhi ihlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwezingxenye ezisetshenziswa edekhini lesikebhe noma umkhumbi. Lezi zingcezu zehadiwe zifeza izinjongo ezahlukene futhi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni komkhumbi jikelele. Ezinye ihadiwe yedekhi ebalulekile zifaka:
1. Ama-cleats
Ama-cleats ayizinto zensimbi noma zepulasitiki ezinamathiselwe edekini ezisetshenziselwa ukubopha izintambo, izintambo, nezinye izinto zokubopha. Ahlinzeka ngephuzu eliqinile lokunamathisela futhi asiza ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo.
2. Ama-Winches
Ama-winches amadivayisi omshini asetshenziselwa ukugoqa nokukhulula izintambo noma izintambo. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa nokwehlisa amaseyili, ukuphakamisa amahange, nokwenza eminye imisebenzi enzima.
3. Izimbobo
Izimbobo ziyizindawo zokungena edekini ezivumela ukungena ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zesikebhe. Zibalulekile ekungeneni komoya, ekufinyeleleni ezindaweni zokugcina izinto, nasekwenzeni imisebenzi yokulungisa.
4. Izinsika
Izinsika ziyizivikelo ezifakwe emaphethelweni edekhi ukuvimbela ukuwa nokunikeza ukuphepha kwamalungu eqembu. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali noma i-aluminium ukuze ziqine futhi zimelane nokugqwala.
Ihadiwe Yokugoqa
Ihadiwe yokubopha ibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezisetshenziselwa ukusekela amaseyili nokuqondisa umkhumbi. Lezi zingcezu zehadiwe zivumela ukulungiswa kwamaseyili nokulawula isiqondiso nesivinini sesikebhe. Ezinye ihadiwe yokubopha imithwalo ebalulekile zifaka:
1. Izindwangu kanye Nokuhlala
Izindwangu kanye nezinsika ziyizintambo zocingo noma zekhebula ezisekela insika kanye nezinsika. Zisiza ekusabalaliseni umthwalo futhi zigcine ubuqotho besakhiwo sensika.
2. Amabhulokhi nama-Pulley
Amabhulokhi nama-pulley asetshenziselwa ukuqondisa kabusha indlela yezintambo noma izintambo, okwenza abasebenzi bakwazi ukulungisa ukucindezeleka kanye ne-engeli yamaseyili. Lezi zingcezu zehadiwe zinciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi zenze kube lula ukuphatha izintambo.
3. Ama-Turnbuckle
Ama-Turnbuckle amadivayisi emishini asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukucindezeleka kwezintambo noma izintambo zokubopha. Aqukethe induku enentambo kanye nokufakwa okubili kokuphela, okuvumela ukulungiswa okunembile ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kweseyili.
Ihadiwe Yokuphepha
Ihadiwe yokuphepha idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle yabasebenzi nabagibeli abasemkhunjini. Lezi zingxenye zenzelwe ukuvimbela izingozi nokusabela ngempumelelo ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ezinye ihadiwe yokuphepha ebalulekile zifaka:
1. Amajakethi Okuphila
Amajakethi okusindisa impilo ayizinto zomuntu siqu zokuntanta ezigqokwa abantu ukuze bazigcine emanzini. Zenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuntanta nokugcina ikhanda lingaphezu kwamanzi, kunciphisa ingozi yokuminza.
2. Izicisha-mlilo
Izicishamlilo ziyimishini ebalulekile yokuphepha esetshenziselwa ukucima nokucima imililo esebhodini. Ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, njenge-foam, impuphu eyomile, kanye ne-CO2, ngayinye ifanele izingozi ezithile zomlilo.
3. Ama-Liferaft
Ama-liferaft ayizikebhe ezifuthwayo ezenzelwe ukuhlalisa inani elithile labantu uma kwenzeka kuba nokuphuma kwabantu okuphuthumayo. Ahlonyiswe ngemishini yokusinda, njengokudla, amanzi, kanye namadivayisi okubonisa izimpawu, ukusiza emisebenzini yokutakula.
Ihadiwe yasolwandle ihlanganisa uhla olukhulu lwezingxenye ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuphepheni kwemikhumbi yasolwandle. Kusukela kuhadiwe yokubambelela kuya kuhadiwe yedekhi, ihadiwe yokubopha, kanye nehadiwe yokuphepha, uhlobo ngalunye lufeza injongo ethile futhi lunegalelo ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwesikebhe noma umkhumbi. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zehadiwe yasolwandle, abanikazi bemikhumbi, amatilosi, kanye nochwepheshe bemikhumbi bangaqinisekisa ukukhethwa, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa okufanele kwalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kwemikhumbi yabo.
I-Alastin yangaphandle njengomkhiqizi ophelele kakhulu wezikebhe zasolwandle nemikhiqizo yangaphandle eShayina, inekhono lokukhiqiza nokwenza ngokwezifiso eliphelele kakhulu lezesekeli zasolwandle. Iphinde ifune ama-ejenti afanele emhlabeni wonke ukuze athuthukise ibhizinisi lemikhiqizo yangaphandle ngokubambisana.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-13-2023